Research and development of OECD Countries from 1996 to 2014
I have collected this data to study the impact of investement in RD on the PISA scores. It contains data on 4 WDI indicators
I have computed also using these indicators 5 other indicators
At the origin, some of the indicators contain missing observations. I have then used 3 Imputation algorithms (MICE, missMDA, KNN) to complete the missing values.
| ISO2 | Country | Region | Income | Year | GDP | Population | RD (%of GDP) | Number of Researchers per million people | Number of Articles | Total expenditure in RD | Total number of researchers | Expenditure by one researcher | Number of articles produced by 100 researchers | Cost of one article |
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| AL | Albania | Europe & Central Asia | Upper middle income | 1996 | $3,199,641,336.00 | 3,168,033.00 | ||||||||
| AE | United Arab Emirates | Middle East & North Africa | High income | 1996 | $73,571,233,996.00 | 2,571,020.00 | ||||||||
| AU | Australia | East Asia & Pacific | High income | 1996 | $400,302,731,411.00 | 18,311,000.00 | ||||||||
| AT | Austria | Europe & Central Asia | High income | 1996 | $237,250,948,791.00 | 7,959,017.00 | ||||||||
| BE | Belgium | Europe & Central Asia | High income | 1996 | $281,358,175,896.00 | 10,156,637.00 | ||||||||
| BG | Bulgaria | Europe & Central Asia | Upper middle income | 1996 | $10,109,612,142.00 | 8,362,826.00 | ||||||||
| BR | Brazil | Latin America & Caribbean | Upper middle income | 1996 | $850,426,433,004.00 | 164,913,306.00 | ||||||||
| CA | Canada | North America | High income | 1996 | $628,546,387,972.00 | 29,671,900.00 | ||||||||
| CH | Switzerland | Europe & Central Asia | High income | 1996 | $325,385,502,037.00 | 7,071,850.00 | ||||||||
| CL | Chile | Latin America & Caribbean | High income | 1996 | $78,039,572,222.00 | 14,497,826.00 | ||||||||
| CO | Colombia | Latin America & Caribbean | Upper middle income | 1996 | $97,160,109,278.00 | 38,049,038.00 | ||||||||
| CR | Costa Rica | Latin America & Caribbean | Upper middle income | 1996 | $11,818,659,720.00 | 3,596,732.00 | ||||||||
| CZ | Czech Republic | Europe & Central Asia | High income | 1996 | $66,985,765,439.00 | 10,315,241.00 | ||||||||
| DE | Germany | Europe & Central Asia | High income | 1996 | $2,503,665,193,657.00 | 81,914,831.00 | ||||||||
| DK | Denmark | Europe & Central Asia | High income | 1996 | $187,632,400,366.00 | 5,263,074.00 | ||||||||
| DO | Dominican Republic | Latin America & Caribbean | Upper middle income | 1996 | $18,241,691,857.00 | 8,029,113.00 | ||||||||
| DZ | Algeria | Middle East & North Africa | Upper middle income | 1996 | $46,941,496,780.00 | 29,411,415.00 | ||||||||
| ES | Spain | Europe & Central Asia | High income | 1996 | $639,488,074,925.00 | 39,889,852.00 | ||||||||
| EE | Estonia | Europe & Central Asia | High income | 1996 | $4,746,109,767.00 | 1,415,594.00 | ||||||||
| FI | Finland | Europe & Central Asia | High income | 1996 | $132,099,404,608.00 | 5,124,573.00 | ||||||||
| FR | France | Europe & Central Asia | High income | 1996 | $1,605,675,086,550.00 | 59,753,100.00 | ||||||||
| GB | United Kingdom | Europe & Central Asia | High income | 1996 | $1,408,781,591,264.00 | 58,166,950.00 | ||||||||
| GE | Georgia | Europe & Central Asia | Lower middle income | 1996 | $3,072,845,727.00 | 4,491,699.00 | ||||||||
| GR | Greece | Europe & Central Asia | High income | 1996 | $145,861,612,826.00 | 10,608,800.00 | ||||||||
| HK | Hong Kong SAR, China | East Asia & Pacific | High income | 1996 | $159,717,233,622.00 | 6,435,500.00 | ||||||||
| HR | Croatia | Europe & Central Asia | High income | 1996 | $23,924,115,532.00 | 4,557,097.00 | ||||||||
| HU | Hungary | Europe & Central Asia | High income | 1996 | $47,561,591,418.00 | 10,311,238.00 | ||||||||
| ID | Indonesia | East Asia & Pacific | Lower middle income | 1996 | $227,714,847,892.00 | 199,914,831.00 | ||||||||
| IE | Ireland | Europe & Central Asia | High income | 1996 | $75,880,632,560.00 | 3,637,510.00 | ||||||||
| IS | Iceland | Europe & Central Asia | High income | 1996 | $7,296,621,594.00 | 268,916.00 | ||||||||
| IL | Israel | Middle East & North Africa | High income | 1996 | $109,957,321,960.00 | 5,692,000.00 | ||||||||
| IT | Italy | Europe & Central Asia | High income | 1996 | $1,320,935,060,628.00 | 56,860,281.00 | ||||||||
| JO | Jordan | Middle East & North Africa | Upper middle income | 1996 | $6,928,359,238.00 | 4,716,373.00 | ||||||||
| JP | Japan | East Asia & Pacific | High income | 1996 | $4,833,712,542,207.00 | 125,757,000.00 | ||||||||
| KR | Korea, Rep. | East Asia & Pacific | High income | 1996 | $598,099,073,901.00 | 45,524,681.00 | ||||||||
| XK | Kosovo | Europe & Central Asia | Lower middle income | 1996 | $1,667,724,381.00 | 2,059,000.00 | ||||||||
| LB | Lebanon | Middle East & North Africa | Upper middle income | 1996 | $13,690,217,333.00 | 3,070,960.00 | ||||||||
| LT | Lithuania | Europe & Central Asia | High income | 1996 | $8,670,033,638.00 | 3,601,613.00 | ||||||||
| LU | Luxembourg | Europe & Central Asia | High income | 1996 | $21,375,442,556.00 | 414,225.00 | ||||||||
| LV | Latvia | Europe & Central Asia | High income | 1996 | $5,970,044,666.00 | 2,457,222.00 | ||||||||
| MO | Macao SAR, China | East Asia & Pacific | High income | 1996 | $7,079,033,411.00 | 393,567.00 | ||||||||
| MD | Moldova | Europe & Central Asia | Lower middle income | 1996 | $1,695,122,174.00 | 3,667,748.00 | ||||||||
| MX | Mexico | Latin America & Caribbean | Upper middle income | 1996 | $410,975,595,310.00 | 95,687,452.00 | ||||||||
| MK | FYROM | Europe & Central Asia | Upper middle income | 1996 | $4,651,453,634.00 | 1,989,443.00 | ||||||||
| MT | Malta | Middle East & North Africa | High income | 1996 | $3,570,271,558.00 | 379,905.00 | ||||||||
| ME | Montenegro | Europe & Central Asia | Upper middle income | 1996 | $964,940,039.00 | 611,003.00 | ||||||||
| NL | Netherlands | Europe & Central Asia | High income | 1996 | $446,735,674,906.00 | 15,530,498.00 | ||||||||
| NO | Norway | Europe & Central Asia | High income | 1996 | $163,517,783,497.00 | 4,381,336.00 | ||||||||
| NZ | New Zealand | East Asia & Pacific | High income | 1996 | $70,140,835,299.00 | 3,732,000.00 | ||||||||
| PE | Peru | Latin America & Caribbean | Upper middle income | 1996 | $55,252,414,130.00 | 24,441,074.00 | ||||||||
| PL | Poland | Europe & Central Asia | High income | 1996 | $159,954,007,641.00 | 38,624,370.00 | ||||||||
| PT | Portugal | Europe & Central Asia | High income | 1996 | $122,629,812,841.00 | 10,063,945.00 | ||||||||
| AR | Argentina | Latin America & Caribbean | High income | 1996 | $272,149,750,000.00 | 35,419,682.00 | ||||||||
| QA | Qatar | Middle East & North Africa | High income | 1996 | $9,059,340,385.00 | 522,304.00 | ||||||||
| CN | China | East Asia & Pacific | Upper middle income | 1996 | $863,746,717,504.00 | 1,217,550,000.00 |